STOMATOLOGY

What does the science of stomatology address?

Stomatology is a dental specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases of the oral mucosa, salivary glands, and jaw bones. The stomatologist is best suited for diagnosing and treating oral conditions.

What diseases does stomatology deal with?

Diseases that occur in the oral cavity may solely affect this area or serve as signs and symptoms of a systemic disease. Conditions and issues relevant to stomatology include:

• Oral cancer and precancerous lesions (related to smoking, alcohol, HPV, etc.).
• Tumors and nodules.
• Ulcers and erosions.
• Intraosseous lesions.
• Pigmented and vascular lesions.
• Oral burning sensation.
• Halitosis.
• Xerostomia (dry mouth).
• Autoimmune and dermatological diseases.
• Infections (HPV, fungal infections, etc.).
• Allergies.
• Nutritional deficiencies.
• Genetic syndromes, etc.

What is the process of a stomatological examination?

A patient comes in for a stomatological examination for preventive check-ups, either because they have noticed a change in their mouth or because a stomatological evaluation is requested as a referral from other specialties, such as a dentist.

Initially, a complete medical history is taken, which includes the patient’s general health, the presence of the stomatological issue, any medications being taken, possible allergies, habits, and particular attention is given to smoking and alcohol consumption.

Next, a clinical examination is conducted, which includes inspection and palpation of the structures of the mouth (lips, cheeks, tongue, floor of the mouth, palate, and gums). Additionally, the salivary glands and regional lymph nodes are palpated. Based on the clinical picture, a possible clinical diagnosis is formed.

Often, further laboratory or radiographic examinations are needed for a definitive diagnosis. A partial or complete biopsy or cytological smear may be required. A biopsy does not necessarily indicate a malignant lesion; rather, it is a common tool used by the stomatologist for final diagnosis.